Male Status within Ibo Society and Its Loss after the Arrival of the White Missionaries
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This is a 4 page paper discussing male status in Ibo society and its loss after the arrival of the white missionaries and colonization. In traditional African Ibo society there were several different circumstances and symbols which led to male status. Male status depended on age, the family unit, community position, and wealth which were all related in addition to social aspects including the number of wives, courage in warfare, and self-esteem among other factors. The Ibo society was well structured based on the status of men, and women gained their status from the men to which they were married. The introduction of the white missionaries in the Ibo communities led to a disruption of the religion and political systems which were traditionally based on the male hierarchy, democracy and consultation with the Oracles. Once these structures were taken away, lawlessness overtook the villages which led to the imposition of white governmental rule. Important Ibo status factors such as the family and community units, polygamy and male position within the village were also taken away depriving the communities of the political and social symbols which once led their cohesive society. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: TJIbost1.rtf

Mali and the Descriptions of Ibn Battuta
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A 5 page overview of the writings of Ibn Battuta in Ibn Battuta in Black Africa as they relate to Mali. The author of this paper contends that to understand Battuta’s perception of Mali it is first necessary to understand something of the man himself. Battuta made a diligent effort to understand the sometimes foreign situations and events he found himself taking part in but it is important for the historian undertaking an analysis of this text to remember that his understanding was greatly tempered with his own cultural norms and values. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPmali.rtf

Mali: The Economic and Social Development of Africa’s Second Sudanic Empire
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An 8 page overview of the ancient history of Mali. This paper introduces Mali from the point of its origin in the thirteenth century and traces its history through its disintegration in the fifteenth century. Bibliography lists sources.
Filename: PPafMali.rtf

Malnutrition - Kwashiorkor
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A 10 page paper. Kwashiorkor is a complicated form of malnutrition in that the simple addition of food does not cure it. It is caused by a lack of protein in the diet and almost always occurs in infants and children who have been weaned from their mother's breast milk and given a diet of starches and carbohydrates with little or no protein. This essay discusses the incidence of the disease, the symptoms, diagnosis, the differences of this form of malnutrition, treatment interventions, and recent research regarding kwashiorkor. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PGkwsh.rtf

Manchester Conferences / Africa 1945, 1990
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A 4 page essay on the differences between these two conferences in terms of attendees, stated goals, aftermath and ongoing consequences. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: Africonf.wps

Mandela
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A paper which looks at the important role played by Nelson Mandela in the development of the modern South Africa, and the way in which his theories of civil rights and social justice can be applied to the political situation in other countries. Bibliography lists 3 sources
Filename: JLmande.rtf

Marjorie Shostak’s “Nisa: The Life and Words of a !Kung Woman”
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This 6 page report discusses Nisa: The Life and Words of a !Kung Woman by Marjorie Shostak (1981). The story of Nisa herself reveals a world that still exists but that most Westerners have only experienced through National Geographic documentaries. During nearly two years Shostak spent interviewing !Kung women in the Dobe area of northwestern Botswana, in the northern Kalahari Desert, she did make connections, especially with 50-year-old Nisa. Bibliography lists only the primary source.
Filename: BWnisa.rtf

Market Entrance To Africa
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A 6 page paper. A fictitious company wants to enter the market in Africa. This paper discusses three options: licensing, opening a subsidiary and exporting. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PGafgad.rtf

Maternal Mortality in Ethiopia
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A 16 page paper discussing the problems of maternal mortality and maternal health, which have reached critical mass in Ethiopia and remains problematic in other regions of the world as well. It is most common in those areas of intense poverty as evidenced by the areas of the world in which maternal mortality ratios are highest, but it also affects the profession in those areas of the world in which it is of far less consequence. The problem as it exists in the US and other developed nations is nearly negligible when considered in light of its magnitude in developing countries, particularly the poorest of those countries. The purpose here is to assess the problem of maternal mortality in Ethiopia and how it and the local health care profession can affect each other. Bibliography lists 16 sources.
Filename: KSnursPracEth.rtf

Maternal Mortality; Burkina Faso, Chad, Botswana and South Africa
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This 89 page paper is a comprehensive in-depth review examining the literature concerning maternal mortality in Sub-Sahara Africa with specific attention to two countries with poor maternal mortality rates; Chad and Burkina Faso, and two countries where the rate has been improved; Botswana and South Africa. The papers starts by examining the extent of the problem in Sub-Sahara as a whole and then in the four countries chosen by looking at the profile of the countries and then quantifying the level and range of the problem in each of the countries. The next section of the paper examines the causes of the maternal deaths, looking at physical causes including, but not limited to, sepsis, haemorrhage, unsafe abortion and obstructed labour. In addition the social and political causes are also considered. The next section considers the interventions in Sub-Sahara Africa, including the Safe Motherhood Initiative (SMI) and each of the four countries including public policies and the way that interventions have taken pace. The paper ends with a comparison of the countries, a discussion and recommendations for the future. The bibliography cites 26 sources.
Filename: TEmatmort.rtf

Matisse & Safir on "Dance"
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A 7 page research paper that contrasts and compares Matisse's painting "Dance" with Natalie Safir's poem "Matisse's Dance." The writer argues that Safir attempts to capture the primitive exaltation of the nude dancers in Matisse's painting. An examination of Safir's verse and Matisse's painting demonstrates that Safir is highly successful in capturing the essence of Matisse's genius. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: khmatsaf.rtf

Military intervention in humanitarian missions
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A paper which considers the pros and cons of military action in peacekeeping missions, with particular reference to the ambush at Mogadishu and the importance of effective strategic planning and communication. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: JLpeacekeep.rtf

Missions in Colonial Sierra Leone
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An 8 page paper discussing the religious development of colonial Sierra Leone, created for freed former slaves returned to Africa from other countries. Sierra Leone is unique among African nations in that it was created by outside forces for a highly specific reason. It would provide a missions field holding individuals already acquainted with the message that missions sought to promote. The missions of the colonial period were highly successful with individuals, but were unable to translate that success to the nation. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: KSrelSierLeon.rtf

Monogamy & Polygamy
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This 10 page paper examines the practices of monogamy and polygamy and concludes that monogamy is the best choice. The conclusion comes after an examination of a variety of cultures that have allowed for multiple spouses. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: Monopoly.wps

Morocco as a Tourist Destination
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This 3 page paper examines Morocco as a potential tourist destination. The paper looks at the general background of the country; transport to, and within, Morocco; accommodation; climate and attractions. The bibliography cites 3 sources.
Filename: TEmorocco.rtf

Morocco: A Cultural Collage
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6 pages in length. Morocco's twelve-hundred-year history is equally interspersed with characteristics of "an ancient kingdom and a new nation" (Rinehart, 1991, p. PG); when one looks back at what is one of the world's oldest states, one cannot help but harbor a deep respect for the manner by which Morocco emerged against similar conditions that plague current-day developing countries. Two of the most difficult of all challenges Morocco has faced throughout its extensive history reflect its "struggle for legitimacy by ruling dynasties and the seemingly contradictory evidence of remarkable institutional continuity in the midst of political disunity, ethnic diversity, and tribal discord" (Rinehart, 1991, p. PG). Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCMorocco.rtf

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