Causative Factors in Drug Abuse: Psychological and Sociological Factors
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A 4 page examination of the question of whether an individual's inclination to abuse drugs is affected more by social factors or psychological factors. The author contends that while psychology can play a role even it is affected by social circumstance. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPdrgAb2.rtf

Causes And Effects Of Fatigue In Police Officers
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A 15 page paper. Fatigue in our nation's police officers is a very serious problem. This essay explores this problem. The writer begins with newspaper headlines that illustrate the effects of sleep deprivation among police officers. The literature review is divided into two sections: the many different causes of fatigue and the effects of fatigue. These sections first discuss the issues in general and then, as they specifically relate to police officers. Law enforcement officers sleep a good deal less than the average person, leading to persistent fatigue, which, in turn, leaves these officers less able to deal with the everyday events in their lives. The last section of this essay discusses what some departments have done to combat this problem and also offers recommendations for changing this dreadful condition among our police officers. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: PGpolce.rtf

Cell Phones in Prison
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A 3 page paper which reviews an article from Corrections Today that discusses the problem of cell phones in prison, and then utilizes other articles to further analyze the article. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAcelcel.rtf

Cesare Beccaria's Theories on Criminal Justice
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This 9 page paper focusses on Cesare Beccaria's utility theory as he applied it to crime and criminal justice. Beccaria had some influence as well on the later utility theorists. His work is seen to have the influence of British Empiricism and Montesquieu.The main thrust of Beccaria's work is that capital punishment must be done away with, as all punishment must be swift and decided upon with the idea of that which is best for the public good. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: JGAcebec.wps

Chain Gangs: A Viable Alternative in Criminal Justice
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A 7 page overview of the renewed effort to reintroduce chain gangs into the criminal justice system. The author of this paper contends that chain gangs are necessitated from a crime prevention standpoint as well an economic standpoint. A brief history of their use in several key states since the latter part of the 1990’s is used to support this contention. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPcrmChn.rtf

Challenges For Policewomen: Recruiting, Training, Job Advancement and Retention
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5 pages in length. The writer briefly discusses issues pertaining to women on the police force. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TLCPoliceWm.rtf

Challenges for the Criminal Justice Administrator
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This 4 page paper discusses some of the challenges facing prison wardens. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: HVwarden.rtf

Challenges to Criminal Justice
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A 3 page research paper that argues that the greatest challenges facing criminal justice organizations in America are terrorism and the proper use of the extra powers granted these organizations by the Patriot Act. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: khchcrju.rtf

CHANGE AND INNOVATION IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
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This 5 page paper gives a brief explanation of the need for research in the criminal justice field, as well as speaking to the social changes and innovations needed. Paper focuses on the bail making decisions, need for standardization of the system as based on the texts of Stojokovic and Sirianni. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: MBcrjust5.rtf

Change in American Politics: Capital Punishment
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A 14 page discussion of the ethics that underlie the death penalty. The author presents the thesis that not only does the existence of the death penalty deter crime, it is the most economical and practical means that we have available for dealing with our continually swelling prison population. A history of the death penalty is outlined as is the various philosophical views surrounding it. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: PPdthSen.rtf

Changes in Law Enforcement
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8 pages. Over the last thirty years there have been many major changes in law enforcement and the hiring of law enforcement officers. This paper looks at what has caused these changes, why they have come about, and why this is an important issue to consider. When one considers the many changes our society has gone through over the last thirty years it is obvious that law enforcement has had to change accordingly. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JGAchpol.rtf

Changes in Police Hiring Analyzed
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This 8 page research paper examines the changes which have occurred within the last 20 years in the hiring of law enforcement officials. Specifically discussed are the Clinton Administration's federal grant program entitled, Police Supplement Hiring Program, designated to provide grants to law enforcement agencies with the most significant needs; the problems with ensuring that the grants get to the designated regions; the problem with appropriated funds being used for reasons other than police hiring; officers that are hired aren't necessarily placed where the need is the greatest; and the alleged discriminatory practices of the police-hiring testing process. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Cophire.wps

Changes in the Justice System
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A page paper which discusses various changes which have occurred in the justice system in the history of the United States. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAjustice.wps

Changing Australia's Rape Laws
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A 3 page paper discussing the need for change in sentencing guidelines binding judges to impose minimum sentences in cases of rape. In 2001, two youths received only minor sentences for raping two schoolgirls at knifepoint. The sentences enraged the community, but it likely does more harm than good. In light of the very light sentences these youths received, they are likely to emerge from prison as very young, very angry men who see women as holding blame for their unfortunate lives, rather than being forced to take responsibility for their own actions. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: KSlawAusRape.rtf

Changing Policy in a Police Department: Changing Tip Line Protocol at the Sacramento Police Department
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This 5 page paper discusses the implementation of a policy change in a police department. However, it also talks about the problems with tip hotlines. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: SA704tip.rtf

Changing Responses to Domestic Violence Situations
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This 12 page paper addresses the issue of domestic violence, viewing it in historical perspective. The way in which situations are handled today is different than it was a decade or two ago. Several case studies are noted. The Shannon Doherty and O.J. Simpson cases, in respect to domestic violence, are referenced. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: SA014DVi.rtf

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