Friedrich Nietzsche and the Origins of Christianity
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This 5 page report discusses Nietzsche and his views about Christianity and its origins. Nietzsche was adamant in his assertions that Christianity was at the core of humanity's lack of individualism and blind willingness to be part of what he referred to as 'the herd.' Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: BWniet.wps

Bias: All of the Implications
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6 pages in length. Bias can accurately be described as an inclination of temperament or outlook. More often than not, bias is defined as a negative outlook. Bias is nothing more than an opinion, or perhaps critical thinking. For this reason bias does not necessarily mean a negative aspect of something; bias is simply nothing more than a strong opinion, usually more slanted in one direction. This paper reflects society’s thoughts and discourse on the subject of bias. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: JGAbiasd.wps

Ethics and Philosophy: Three Essays
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This 10 page paper examines various concepts in ethics and philosophy. The first essay (5 pages) examines the theories of utilitarianism, deontology, egoism, subjectivism and social contract theory. The second essay (3 pages) examines normative ethics, meta-ethics, and applied ethics. The final essay is two pages and examines objectivism and relativism. Examples are provided throughout. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA6243.rtf

'In a Different Voice …'
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(5pp) Carol Gilligan is associate professor of education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. Her 1982 book, In a Different Voice, presents a theory of moral development which claims that women tend to think and speak in a different way than men when they confront ethical dilemmas. Gilligan contrasts a feminine ethic of care with a masculine ethic of justice.
Filename: BBdiffvoi.doc

'Why Should I be Moral?'
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A 4 page paper in which the writer uses August Comte as a pivotal philsopher to answer this question. Attitudes which appear negative to us in the 20th century are examined as well as those which may help us answer the posed queston. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BBMoralRus.doc

“Cloning Can Help Humans and Animals”
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A 7 page critique of the article “Cloning Can Help Humans and Animals” by authors Ian Wilmut, Keith Campbell, and Colin Tudge. These authors support the practice of cloning, contending that part of its positives impacts relate to the reduction of genetic drift in endangered animal populations. This paper notes that there are other considerations of cloning which must be made in regard to their impact on human populations. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPclone3.rtf

“Ethical Considerations Relating to Gene-Mapping and Associated Scientific Research”
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A ten page paper which considers the ethical implications of the Human Genome Project and related forms of scientific research including genetic selection and engineering. The writer looks at the relationship of religion and moral philosophy to the parameters of bioethics and the guidelines set out in the UNESCO Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JLgenetics.wps

“Ethical dilemmas in counselling”
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A five page paper which looks at the ways in which ethical dilemmas in counselling may be resolved, particularly in situations involving medical ethics, and considers some examples of difficulties which counsellors may face in such situations and the possible options open to them. Bibliography lists 2 sources
Filename: JLEthical.rtf

“Justice and Revenge”
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A five page paper which looks at the concepts of justice and revenge as exemplified in the story of the House of Atreus, and the ways in which revenge plays a part in the social and cultural codes of modern day society, in terms of the structure of the Mafia and the desire of individuals to re-establish order and balance after the commission of unethical acts by others. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: JLrevenge.wps

“Our Posthuman Future (Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolution)”: A Discussion of the Concerns Expressed in the Book by Francis Fukuyama
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A 5 page discussion of the many considerations encompassed by biotechnology. Genome studies, in particular, present a number of concerns, both philosophical concerns and ethical concerns. These same studies, however, present phenomenal possibilities for our future, possibilities which have the potential to be far more positive than negative in their overall manifestations. Such applications, however, must proceed carefully and in the existence of strict international regulation. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPpstHmn.rtf

“The Trouble with Wilderness” by William Cronon
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A 3 page summary on the essay, “The Trouble with Wilderness” by William Cronon. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAtrwild.rtf

“Utilitarianism and Organ Donation”
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A five page paper which considers organ donation and transplantation from a utilitarian perspective, and looks at whether the enforcement of donation does in fact serve the greater good of the community as a whole from a long-term viewpoint. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: JLtransplants.wps

“Who Owns Information”: A Review of the Premises of Author Anne Wells Branscomb
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A 10 page review of the need for improved information management and protection. Utilizes the work of noted policy analyst Anne Wells Branscomb to illustrate the fact that the management of information has become considerably more complex in the last few generations. The miracles of modern technology have resulted in easy access to all types of information which at one time were accessible only to a few privileged individuals. The author asserts that in today’s economically driven environment our private information is often even viewed as a commodity and sold to the highest bidder. Everything from our social security numbers, to our phone numbers, to our medical records are at risk. Some is even open in many cases to the prying eyes of the public. This paper addresses the evolutionary trend toward information marketing and public access to information and outlines recommendations as to what provisions should be put in place to ensure information privacy. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPinfoOw.rtf

"Mortality is Not Relative": James Rachels' Views on the Theory of Cultural Relativism
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A 7 page exploration of Rachels beliefs in regard to what determines certain cultural practices and whether or not there are inherent rights and wrongs in those practices. More specifically, Rachels explores the question of whether morality is a phenomena that varies according to culture, whether different cultures do in fact operate under different moral codes. Rachels points out that many cultures even diverge greatly from our Western precepts of right and wrong. He is particularly interested in the theory of cultural relativism, that theory that demands that we view behavior and situations in a world context rather than from the closely defined views of one culture. Rachels sees both positives and negatives in that theory, however. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPmoralR.rtf

"People-Seeds": An Analogy In the Abortion Argument
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A 6 page discussion of the concept of "person-seeds", a concept introduced by author Judith Jarvis Thomson in 1971. This paper outlines Thomson's analogy and uses it to delve deeper into the issue of the rights and wrongs of abortion. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPabrtSd.rtf

"SWALLOWS OF KABUL" AND "DAWN": A RELIGIOUS COMPARISON
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This 8-page paper compares and contrasts Khadra's "Swallows of Kabul" and Wiesel's "Dawn," discussing the religious and moral considerations in both books. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: MTkabudawn.rtf

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